Baijiu aroma type
Feng Aroma
凤香fèngxiāng
The phoenix style of Shaanxi, aged in woven 'wine seas'
- Category
- Derived aroma type
- Starter
- Daqu made from barley and peas
- Vessel
- Earthen pits
- Signature brand
- Xifeng
- Home region
- Shaanxi
- Classification
- One of the twelve recognised aroma types, derived from the four basic types
- Ageing
- Traditionally aged in jiuhai ('wine seas'), large woven containers lined with paper
- Literal meaning
- 'Phoenix fragrance', after Fengxiang, the Phoenix County
Taste profile
Aroma intensity
DelicateIntenseAroma intensity: 3 out of 5Sweetness
DrySweetSweetness: 2 out of 5Body
LightFullBody: 3 out of 5Finish
ShortLongFinish: 3 out of 5
Aromas
- fruit
- pear
- floral
- grain
- honey
- Fruity and floral
- with notes of grain and a hint of honey.
Medium-bodied and clean, between light and strong aroma, with a fresh, lively finish.
Feng aroma is the style of Xifeng, the historic baijiu of Fengxiang County in Shaanxi, whose name means 'Phoenix County'. It sits between light and strong aroma: fruity and floral, but cleaner than the rich pit-fermented styles of Sichuan. Its most distinctive tradition is ageing in jiuhai, 'wine seas', large containers woven from rattan and lined with paper.
The phoenix of Shaanxi
Feng aroma takes its name from Fengxiang, the 'Phoenix County' near Baoji in Shaanxi, home of Xifeng baijiu. Xifeng was so distinctive that, when Chinese experts began classifying baijiu by aroma, it did not fit neatly into any of the main categories and kept a style of its own.
Between light and strong
Its aromatic profile is built mainly on ethyl acetate, the key compound of light aroma, together with ethyl hexanoate, the signature of strong aroma, and isoamyl alcohol. The result is a style that is fruity and fragrant but clean, with a lively finish.
Wine seas
Xifeng is fermented with a daqu starter made from barley and peas. Traditionally, the new spirit is aged in jiuhai, 'wine seas': large containers woven from rattan and lined with layers of paper and cloth, which give the spirit its particular character as it matures.
How to recognise it
The label says 凤香型 (fèngxiāng xíng): 凤 is the phoenix. In English you may also see it written as Phoenix aroma. Expect a clean, fruity and floral nose, with more body than light aroma but less richness than strong aroma.
One of the old famous spirits
Xifeng is one of China's historic baijiu: it was among the spirits named at the first national appraisal in 1952. Fengxiang, its home, lies in western Shaanxi, near Baoji, on the old road from Xi'an towards the Silk Road.
The wine seas
The jiuhai, 'wine seas', are one of the most unusual ageing vessels in the world: huge baskets woven from rattan or wicker and lined with many layers of paper and cloth sealed with natural materials. They let the spirit breathe slowly as it matures, and they are one of the reasons Xifeng tastes different from any other baijiu.
How to taste it
Serve it at room temperature in small glasses. Taste it between a light aroma and a strong aroma baijiu: you will find something of both, and a lively freshness of its own.
How it's made
- 01
Make the qu
Barley and peas are shaped into blocks and fermented to make the daqu starter.
- 02
Ferment
Steamed sorghum is mixed with qu and fermented in earthen pits.
- 03
Distil
The fermented grain is distilled in traditional stills.
- 04
Age in wine seas
The spirit is aged in jiuhai, woven containers lined with paper, before blending.
Producers
How to serve
Serve neat at room temperature in small glasses, or slightly chilled.
Food pairings
- Shaanxi cuisine: biangbiang noodles, roujiamo (cured meat in flatbread) and lamb dishes. In Europe, try it with roast lamb or grilled meat.
Sources
- The world of baijiu: aroma classification, its historical origins and contemporary relevance — Spirits Selection by Concours Mondial de Bruxelles
- Microbial and flavor characteristics of various baijiu types (Table 1) — Frontiers in Microbiology (PMC), 2022
- Unraveling variation on the profile aroma compounds of strong aroma type of Baijiu in different regions — RSC Advances, 2021
- Study on the flavor of rice-flavor baijiu (doctoral dissertation) — Kagoshima University, 2022
Other styles
Sauce Aroma
酱香
The savoury, endlessly long style of Moutai
Strong Aroma
浓香
China's best-selling baijiu style, born in Sichuan's mud pits
Light Aroma
清香
Clean, floral and pure: the baijiu of Fenjiu and northern China
Rice Aroma
米香
Soft, honeyed baijiu from rice, the gentle style of southern China
Mixed Aroma
兼香
Strong and sauce in the same glass
Sesame Aroma
芝麻香
A roasted-sesame note, discovered in Shandong